60 research outputs found
Flow-based Intrinsic Curiosity Module
In this paper, we focus on a prediction-based novelty estimation strategy
upon the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework, and present a flow-based
intrinsic curiosity module (FICM) to exploit the prediction errors from optical
flow estimation as exploration bonuses. We propose the concept of leveraging
motion features captured between consecutive observations to evaluate the
novelty of observations in an environment. FICM encourages a DRL agent to
explore observations with unfamiliar motion features, and requires only two
consecutive frames to obtain sufficient information when estimating the
novelty. We evaluate our method and compare it with a number of existing
methods on multiple benchmark environments, including Atari games, Super Mario
Bros., and ViZDoom. We demonstrate that FICM is favorable to tasks or
environments featuring moving objects, which allow FICM to utilize the motion
features between consecutive observations. We further ablatively analyze the
encoding efficiency of FICM, and discuss its applicable domains
comprehensively.Comment: The SOLE copyright holder is IJCAI (International Joint Conferences
on Artificial Intelligence), all rights reserved. The link is provided as
follows: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/2020/28
Virtual Guidance as a Mid-level Representation for Navigation
In the context of autonomous navigation, effectively conveying abstract
navigational cues to agents in dynamic environments poses challenges,
particularly when the navigation information is multimodal. To address this
issue, the paper introduces a novel technique termed "Virtual Guidance," which
is designed to visually represent non-visual instructional signals. These
visual cues, rendered as colored paths or spheres, are overlaid onto the
agent's camera view, serving as easily comprehensible navigational
instructions. We evaluate our proposed method through experiments in both
simulated and real-world settings. In the simulated environments, our virtual
guidance outperforms baseline hybrid approaches in several metrics, including
adherence to planned routes and obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, we extend the
concept of virtual guidance to transform text-prompt-based instructions into a
visually intuitive format for real-world experiments. Our results validate the
adaptability of virtual guidance and its efficacy in enabling policy transfer
from simulated scenarios to real-world ones.Comment: Tsung-Chih Chiang, Ting-Ru Liu, Chun-Wei Huang, and Jou-Min Liu
contributed equally to this work; This work has been submitted to the IEEE
for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after
which this version may no longer be accessibl
Photothermal responsivity of van der Waals material-based nanomechanical resonators
Nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials (vdW NMRs)
provide a new tool for sensing absorbed laser power. The photothermal response
of vdW NMRs, quantified from the resonant frequency shifts induced by optical
absorption, is enhanced when incorporated in a Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer.
Along with the enhancement comes the dependence of the photothermal response on
NMR displacement, which lacks investigation. Here, we address the knowledge gap
by studying electromotively driven niobium diselenide drumheads fabricated on
highly reflective substrates. We use a FP-mediated absorptive heating model to
explain the measured variations of the photothermal response. The model
predicts a higher magnitude and tuning range of photothermal responses on
few-layer and monolayer NbSe drumheads, which outperform other clamped
vdW drum-type NMRs at a laser wavelength of nm. Further analysis of the
model shows that both the magnitude and tuning range of NbSe drumheads
scale with thickness, establishing a displacement-based framework for building
bolometers using FP-mediated vdW NMRs.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Realization of Polarization Control in High-Order Harmonic Generation
The nature of high-order harmonic generation process limits the harmonics emission to linear polarization. In this paper, we review the recent progress to generate elliptically or circularly polarized high-harmonic EUV pulses. We further demonstrate how complete control of polarization state of isolated high-harmonic pulse can be realized today by noncollinear focusing of two driving pulses with identical ellipticity but counter-rotating helicity. This paper opens a path towards the study of the fastest dynamics--down to attosecond time scales--in circular dichroism of magnetic materials, chiral molecules, and electronic spin motion.Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology; Academia Sinica; Junta de Castilla y León; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades for a Ramón y Cajal; European Social Fund; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte
Fabry-Perot Interferometric Calibration of 2D Nanomechanical Plate Resonators
Displacement calibration of nanomechanical plate resonators presents a challenging task. Large nanomechanical resonator thickness reduces the amplitude of the resonator motion due to its increased spring constant and mass, and its unique reflectance. Here, we show that the plate thickness, resonator gap height, and motional amplitude of circular and elliptical drum resonators, can be determined in-situ by exploiting the fundamental interference phenomenon in Fabry-Perot cavities. The proposed calibration scheme uses optical contrasts to uncover thickness and spacer height profiles, and reuse the results to convert the photodetector signal to the displacement of drumheads that are electromotively driven in their linear regime. Calibrated frequency response and spatial mode maps enable extraction of the modal radius, effective mass, effective driving force, and Young's elastic modulus of the drumhead material. This scheme is applicable to any configuration of Fabry-Perot cavities, including plate and membrane resonators
Observing off-resonance motion of nanomechanical resonators as modal superposition
Observation of resonance modes is the most straightforward way of studying mechanical oscillations because these modes have maximum response to stimuli. However, a deeper understanding of mechanical motion could be obtained by also looking at modal responses at frequencies in between resonances. A common way to do this is to force a mechanical object into oscillations and study its off-resonance behaviour. In this paper, we present visualisation of the modal response shapes for a mechanical drum driven off resonance. By using the frequency modal analysis, we describe these shapes as a superposition of resonance modes. We find that the spatial distribution of the oscillating component of the driving force affects the modal weight or participation. Moreover, we are able to infer the asymmetry of the drum by studying the dependence of the resonance modes shapes on the frequency of the driving force. Our results highlight that dynamic responses of any mechanical system are mixtures of their resonance modes with various modal weights, further giving credence to the universality of this phenomenon
Optoelectrical nanomechanical resonators made from multilayered 2D materials
Studies involving nanomechanical motion have evolved from its detection and understanding of its fundamental aspects to its promising practical utility as an integral component of hybrid systems. Nanomechanical resonators' indispensable role as transducers between optical and microwave fields in hybrid systems, such as quantum communications interface, have elevated their importance in recent years. It is therefore crucial to determine which among the family of nanomechanical resonators is more suitable for this role. Most of the studies revolve around nanomechanical resonators of ultrathin structures because of their inherently large mechanical amplitude due to their very low mass. Here, we argue that the underutilized nanomechanical resonators made from multilayered two-dimensional (2D) materials are the better fit for this role because of their comparable electrostatic tunability and larger optomechanical responsivity. To show this, we first demonstrate the electrostatic tunability of mechanical modes of a multilayered nanomechanical resonator made from graphite. We also show that the optomechanical responsivity of multilayered devices will always be superior as compared to the few-layer devices. Finally, by using the multilayered model and comparing this device with the reported ones, we find that the electrostatic tunability of devices of intermediate thickness is not significantly lower than that of ultrathin ones. Together with the practicality in terms of fabrication ease and design predictability, we contend that multilayered 2D nanomechanical resonators are the optimal choice for the electromagnetic interface in integrated quantum systems
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